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如何区分新冠症状是寒证还是热证？怎么用药更对症？******

　　光明网讯（记者林佳欣）在中成药的使用中，很多药的适应症都有风寒和风热的区别，如何区分自己的新冠症状是寒证还是热证，怎么用药才能更对症、更有效？北京中医医院院长刘清泉在今天（3日）下午国务院联防联控机制召开的新闻发布会上作出回应。

　　刘清泉表示，近期很多人咨询用药的风寒、风热问题，说明大家对于如何辨识和认识风寒风热是非常关注和重视的。对于新型冠状病毒感染这样的疾病，中医称为“疫病”。通俗来讲，新冠是传染性很强的外感病，既然是外感病，不管诱因是风寒还是风热，大部分都表现出发烧、怕冷、乏力、咽喉疼痛等临床症状。首先，不管是风寒、风热引起的临床不适，我们用具有解表功能、治疗感冒的药物治疗都是有效的。当然，如果有专业医生从中医理论进一步区分开风寒风热进行治疗，可能疗效会更为迅速一点。

　　刘清泉指出，从临床来看，出现发烧、怕冷、总想穿一些厚的衣服、肌肉酸痛、咽干咽痛、乏力、鼻塞流涕等症状，我们往往把它归属于风寒诱因，患者服用疏风解表的治疗感冒的中成药就足够了，比如在北京地区或者北方地区常用的感冒清热颗粒，传统的名方荆防颗粒、正柴胡饮颗粒等都可以很好地解决这类问题。

　　另外，有一部分人出现发烧，甚至高烧达到39度，这时候咽喉疼痛感非常明显，不是太怕冷，只是感觉肌肉酸痛，不是冷得非要穿厚衣服、盖厚被子，并且有乏力、咳嗽症状的情况下，从中医的归属上，它可能是风热诱因所导致的疾病。此时患者要用疏风清热或化湿解表、清热解毒这类中成药，也可以参考国家中医药管理局的《新冠病毒感染者居家中医药干预指引》里面推荐的药物，比如连花清瘟、金花清感、疏风解毒、宣肺败毒、清肺排毒、热炎宁、银翘解毒颗粒、蓝芩口服液、复方芩兰口服液、痰热清、双黄连、抗病毒口服液等。

　　刘清泉还提醒患者，如果有类似不适症状时，选准一种中药并按照说明书或咨询专业医师来服用就够了，如果服用1—2天后症状仍然没有明显缓解甚至加重，或者高烧不退，还是要及时到医疗机构就诊，千万不能盲目吃药。比如这个药不行，马上加另外一个药，再加上另外一个西药，这样加来加去，可能会有很多不良反应，这是不科学、不规范的服用方法。当然，一些特殊人群，比如65岁以上尤其是80岁以上的老年人群有慢性基础病的（比如有肿瘤的，还有免疫相关疾病的，慢性肾功能衰竭在做常规透析等情况），这些人群如果感染了新型冠状病毒以后，吃中成药时一定要向专业医师咨询，在医生的规范指导下才能真正取得疗效，否则可能会耽误病情、延误病情，甚至最佳的救治时期。

中新网评：美国众议长选举“连续剧”暴露美式民主痼疾******

　　中新网北京1月9日电(蒋鲤)在15轮投票表决后，美国众议院议长选举这场“连续剧”终于落下帷幕，众议院共和党领袖凯文•麦卡锡最终成功当选第55任美国众议院议长。这是美国国会过去164年来耗时最久的一次议长选举记录，将美国“对抗式民主”的弊端暴露无遗。

资料图：美国众议院共和党领袖麦卡锡。中新社记者沙晗汀摄

　　由于两党对立加剧、党派内斗、利益分配不均等因素，众议长选举陷入一场拉锯战。在此次众议长竞选中，美国民主党议员继续抱团，多轮投票中，一票不投麦卡锡，共和党右翼“强硬派”领头的约20人小团体也拒绝投票麦卡锡。

　　麦卡锡的当选之路一波三折，除了本人的“政治投机派”角色在国会不受欢迎外，与共和党内部政治分歧关系密切。

　　一方面，共和党党内反对者认为，麦卡锡对民主党态度过于软弱，无力对抗民主党控制的参议院和拜登政府，另一方面，因为共和党的多数优势微弱，党内一些影响力较小的派系的政治力量则被放大，有利于他们巩固自己的选票。

　　此外，党内反对者也认为，自己的选票没有换取更多利益，希望以此作为筹码换取麦卡锡更大的让步，比如让他们获得众议院重要委员会中的职务。

　　作为仅次于美国总统、副总统的政坛三号人物，众议院议长通常由众议院多数党领袖担任，选举几乎没有悬念。然而，麦卡锡此次为当选，不得不做出多个关键让步，其中可能包括恢复一项罢黜议长动议机制，使得众议长的权力被削弱，难以掌控众议院。

　　美国有线电视新闻网CNN称，麦卡锡在这场不合时宜的政治勒索中作出让步，这种绥靖政策只会让极端主义势力更加强大。

　　这场引发全世界围观的尴尬选举暴露出美国政治存在严重的对立和分化。在权力博弈思维的裹挟下，党派利益凌驾于国家和人民利益之上，美国两党相互拆台，陷入“为反对而反对”的无脑对垒。而即便是一党内，也会因为利益分配问题产生不同的小派系，相互对抗，选票变成了谋利益的工具。

　　从国会山骚乱到打破记历史记录的15轮众议长选举，“对抗式民主”让美国政治陷入瓶颈，长期对抗势必会让政客们丧失客观公正的判断能力，其政治阶层是否有能力治理国家也会引发质疑。

　　两党之争和党派内斗进一步放大了美国政治体制弊病，美国所谓的“民主”形象，让全世界大跌眼镜。鼓吹以选民利益为先的美式选举，变成了政客们利益置换的游戏，进一步彰显出美国“民主政治”日渐失能，不断极化的党争已使美国政治制度陷入死循环。

　　House speaker election reveals deep-rooted problems in U.S. democracy

　　(ECNS) -- The Republican leader Kevin McCarthy was elected as the 55th speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives after 15 ballots. As the most grueling House speaker election in the past 164 years, the election has highlighted the defects of the country’s "confrontational democracy".

　　The election once reached a stalemate due to intense partisan strife, inner-party struggle among the Republicans, uneven distribution of interests, and more. Democratic Party members forged a close alliance, refusing to vote for McCarthy, while about 20 Republicans also declined to cast ballots for the GOP leader.

　　Except for his unpopular role as a "political speculator" in Congress, McCarthy’s hard-won election can be attributed to turmoil within the Republican Party.

　　On the one hand, opponents in the Republican Party believe that the GOP leader's attitude toward the Democrats is too weak to confront the Senate controlled by Democrats and the Biden administration.

　　On the other hand, the political power of some less influential factions in the Republican Party has been amplified due to the Party’s weak majority advantage in the House of Representatives, which is conducive to consolidating their ticket warehouses.

　　Meanwhile, these opponents believe that their votes failed to win them more benefits, hoping to use this as a bargaining chip for McCarthy's further concessions, such as getting them positions in important House Committees.

　　As the third political figure after the President and Vice President of the U.S., the speaker, by tradition, is the head of the majority party in the House of Representatives.

　　But McCarthy has made many concessions in order to bring the ultra conservatives along, involving what’s known as the “motion to vacate,” a mechanism by which members can force a vote to depose the speaker. The reported concessions will empower individual members at the expense of McCarthy’s sway as speaker.

　　CNN thought the concessions he made during this unseemly political shakedown would only make the extremist faction more powerful.

　　This embarrassing election, which has drawn global attention, exposed the serious opposition and polarization in American politics. Both Democrats and Republicans put their interests before that of the country and its people, attacking and opposing each other irrationally.

　　Besides, different factions arise within a single party and confront each other because of the distribution of interests. Votes have become a tool to win more benefits.

　　From Capitol riots to the House Speaker election with record-breaking ballots, "confrontational democracy" has become a bottleneck of American politics. Long-term confrontation will surely impede politicians to think objectively and fairly while their capacity of governing the country will also raise doubts among the public.

　　Both parties’ struggle and infighting among the Republicans have further amplified the defects of the American political system, with its "democratic" image shocking the world.

　　The U.S.-style election, which advocates putting voters' interests first, has become a game of interest exchange among politicians. In addition, it further demonstrates the malfunction of American "democratic politics" and the constantly polarized party struggle that has trapped the American political system into an infinite cycle.